DOI:10.20047/j.issn1673-7210.25101188
中图分类号:R96
张雨1, 杨永超2, 李琳1, 李思虹1, 温金华2
| 【作者机构】 | 1南昌大学药学院; 2南昌大学第一附属医院药物临床试验质量管理规范临床试验中心 |
| 【分 类 号】 | R96 |
| 【基 金】 | 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82360734) 江西省科技合作专项项目(20232BBH80007) 赣鄱俊才支持计划高层次高技能领军人才培养项目(RCXM-0001)。 |
阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)以β淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-β,Aβ)沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化及神经元丢失为特征,其发病机制尚未阐明且缺乏有效干预手段[1]。研究表明,神经炎症与突触障碍是AD多靶点研究的热点[2]。遗传学证实溶质载体有机阴离子转运蛋白家族成员1A2(solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2,SLCO1A2)与脑脊液tau水平及脂质代谢相关,其功能超越跨血-脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)转运[3]。
BBB功能障碍是AD早期核心病理特征[4]。ATP结合盒亚家族B成员1(ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1,ABCB1)与摄入型转运蛋白SLCO1A2协同维持Aβ平衡,其表达紊乱是AD发生的关键[5-6]。鉴于神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路异常直接关联AD认知及突触障碍,本研究整合网络药理学与分子对接,首次从系统生物学视角探索“转运蛋白-通路轴”调控AD进展的分子机制[7]。
在GEO数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)检索AD数据集GSE132903(97例AD、98例对照);通过eVITTA平台(https://tau.cmmt.ubc.ca/eVITTA/)下载该数据集的差异基因,使用R语言软件(v4.1.3)进行差异分析。结合AD样本特征,以校正后P<0.05为核心筛选标准,并结合数据分布特征设定|log2FC|>0.025 3为标准筛选差异表达基因,并利用ggplot2包绘制火山图[8-9]。
通过OMIM(http://www.omim.org)及GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org,相关性得分>10)检索AD靶点。将SLCO1A2的SMILES号导入SuperPred数据库(https://prediction.charite.de/,筛选阈值:预测可能性>60%)与SEA数据库(https://sea.bkslab.org/)预测靶点;经BioGRID数据库(https://thebiogrid.org/)预测ABCB1靶点并导入其SMILES号至SEA数据库,同步骤处理得ABCB1靶点。基因经UniProt(https://www.uniprot.org/)标准化并去重。利用Venny2.1.0(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)提取SLCO1A2、ABCB1与AD的交集靶点。
将交集靶点上传至STRING数据库(https://stringdb.org),限定人类物种,设定置信度阈值0.400并剔除孤立节点,构建PPI网络[10];利用Cytoscape 3.10.3及CytoNCA插件计算度中心性、介数中心性及接近中心性,提取各指标前10位节点后合并去重,构建核心靶点池。
将SLCO1A2、ABCB1作用于AD的交集靶点上传至DAVID数据库(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/),进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)及京都基因和基因组数据库(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析[11]。以P<0.05且富集基因数前10位为筛选条件。利用R语言对结果进行可视化。
从靶点池中筛选与神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路及AD相关的核心靶点进行对接评估。核心蛋白与ABCB1结构获得自UniProt,经Discovery Studio 2019预处理。SLCO1A2由Swiss-Model(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/)同源建模,并经SAVES v6.1平台(https://saves.mbi.ucla.edu/)评估,以拉氏图最有利及额外允许区域残基占比>90%为合格标准[12]。通过HawkDock(https://cadd.zju.edu.cn/hawkdock/)进行分子对接并计算结合自由能,以最低能量构象为最优模式[13]。采用PyMOL可视化,核心蛋白为品红色,SLCO1A2/ABCB1为蓝色,以表面渲染展示结合口袋,1.5~2.5 Å为强氢键,2.5~3.2 Å为中等强度氢键[14]。
分析GSE132903数据集发现,AD组中SLC5A3(log2FC=0.191)、LOC339879(log2FC=0.146)、SLCO1A2(log2FC=0.028)等显著上调;SYT1(log2FC=-0.211)、CHGB(log2FC=-0.209)、RGS4(log2FC=-0.196)等显著下调。见图1。
图1 AD差异基因火山图
OMIM、GeneCards 数据库分别获取AD相关靶点5 779、3 651个,经去重及标准化处理后,共得靶点6 807个。SLCO1A2经SEA与Super-PRED筛选得153个靶点;ABCB1经SEA与BioGRID筛选获164个靶点(图2A)。Venny 2.1.0分析显示,SLCO1A2与AD交集靶点为112个,ABCB1与AD交集靶点为85个(图2B)。
图2 SLCO1A2及ABCB1与AD交集靶点维恩图
SLCO1A2-AD PPI网络包含112个节点及553条边(图3A)。度中心性筛选得STAT3、HSP90AA1、NFKB1等核心靶点(图3B);介数中心性筛选得STAT3、PTGS2、DRD2等(图3C);接近中心性筛选得STAT3、PTGS2、BCL2L1等(图3D)。ABCB1-AD PPI网络包含85个节点及303条边(图4A)。度中心性核心靶点包括STAT3、BCL2、CCND1等(图4B);介数中心性包括AGTR2、STAT3、CD4等(图4C);接近中心性包括STAT3、CD4、BCL2等(图4D)。
图3 SLCO1A2与AD靶蛋白PPI网络
图4 ABCB1与AD靶蛋白PPI网络
SLCO1A2-AD的GO功能富集于RNA聚合酶Ⅱ介导的转录正调控、炎症反应及蛋白质结合(图5A),KEGG通路显著富集于神经活性配体-受体相互作用(图5B);ABCB1-AD富集于蛋白水解作用、质膜及蛋白结合(图6A),其KEGG通路同样富集于神经活性配体-受体相互作用(图6B)。
图5 SLCO1A2调控AD靶基因的生物信息学分析
图6 ABCB1调控AD靶基因的生物信息学分析
SLCO1A2同源建模最有利区域与额外允许区域残基累计占比99.20%,提示模型结构可靠(图7)。分子对接结果显示,SLCO1A2、ABCB1与各自对应的核心靶蛋白结合能均较低,结合稳定且活性良好(表1);配体可与蛋白活性口袋内的关键残基形成稳定的相互作用模式(图8)。
表1 SLCO1A2/ABCB1与核心靶蛋白的对接结合能及部分核心作用残基
活性成分核心靶蛋白结合能(kcal/mol)核心作用残基SLCO1A2STAT3-35.63LYS-379、ASP-36、ASP-353、GLN-226 HSP90AA1-35.56TYR-533、THR-553、ASP-572、SER-611 SIRT1-59.65ARG-281、THR-595、GLU-277、ARG-598 PTGS2-61.23LEU-193、ASN-483、THR-475、ARG-214 DRD2-117.64ARG-112、THR-229、SER-27、ASN-219 CXCR4-64.83GLN-482、ASN-478、ILE-477、ARG-218 ABCB1STAT3-41.90LYS-17、ASN-13、GLU-447、ARG-574 AGTR2-77.25GLU-49、ARG-578、HIS-581、GLU-294 OPRM1-67.37TYR-295、GLU-294、ARG-213、ASN-50 REN-65.21SER-67、ARG-462、GLU-120、TYR-57 SIRT1-55.37TYR-233、PRO-1、GLN-278、ARG-550 CAV1-56.01TRP-37、TYR-19、ASP-22、ARG-578 BCL2-65.03LYS-533、GLU-30、ARG-477、THR-39
图7 SLCO1A2同源建模拉氏图
图8 SLCO1A2/ABCB1与核心靶蛋白分子对接示意图
本研究通过网络药理学与分子对接,探讨了神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路对AD的影响。该通路异常与AD的突触障碍及认知衰退密切相关[15]。网络药理学分析结果显示AD中SLCO1A2显著上调,而文献报道ABCB1在AD中显著下调,二者失衡可能破坏BBB转运稳态[16]。
SLCO1A2上调可能增强BBB对炎症介质的摄取,其与PTGS2的强结合提示可直接调控炎症功能[17-18]。此外,SLCO1A2与HSP90AA1、DRD2及CXCR4的强相互作用,可能削弱分子伴侣功能、干扰多巴胺信号传导并促进小胶质细胞活化,介导神经炎症与突触功能障碍的恶性循环[19-22]。ABCB1下调则导致Aβ清除障碍与沉积[23-24]。ABCB1与REN、AGTR2结合,提示其可能通过调节肾素-血管紧张素系统间接影响Aβ代谢[25-27];其与OPRM1、BCL2及CAV1的结合,则可能调控神经保护信号、抗凋亡能力及受体信号内吞,影响神经元抗毒性能力[28-29]。STAT3与SIRT1是二者的共有核心靶点,分别通过该通路突触功能、信号传导调控AD炎症,分子对接显示,SLCO1A2/ABCB1均分别与STAT3和SIRT1具有较好的结合能,提示二者可能通过调节这些靶点整合多类信号,共同调控通路功能[30-32]。
综上所述,该通路可能是SLCO1A2和ABCB1参与AD调控的主要路径。二者表达失衡共同加剧了炎症、Aβ沉积与突触损伤的恶性循环。本研究预测结果仍需实验验证及临床样本证实,后续将通过体内外实验明确具体机制,为AD药物开发提供有力支撑。
利益冲突声明:所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。
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Exploration of the novel molecular mechanism of SLCO1A2/ABCB1 mediating Alzheimer’s disease via the neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway based on network pharmacology and molecular docking
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