基于网络药理学与分子对接探讨SLCO1A2/ABCB1通过神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路介导阿尔茨海默病的新分子机制

张雨1, 杨永超2, 李琳1, 李思虹1, 温金华2

【作者机构】 1南昌大学药学院; 2南昌大学第一附属医院药物临床试验质量管理规范临床试验中心
【分 类 号】 R96
【基    金】 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82360734) 江西省科技合作专项项目(20232BBH80007) 赣鄱俊才支持计划高层次高技能领军人才培养项目(RCXM-0001)。
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基于网络药理学与分子对接探讨SLCO1A2/ABCB1通过神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路介导阿尔茨海默病的新分子机制

基于网络药理学与分子对接探讨SLCO1A2/ABCB1通过神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路介导阿尔茨海默病的新分子机制

张 雨1* 杨永超2* 李 琳1 李思虹1 温金华2

1.南昌大学药学院,江西南昌 330006;2.南昌大学第一附属医院药物临床试验质量管理规范临床试验中心,江西南昌 330006

[摘要] 目的 基于网络药理学与分子对接技术,探讨SLCO1A2与ABCB1通过神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路参与阿尔茨海默病(AD)病理进程的作用机制,为挖掘AD治疗靶点提供依据。 方法 整合GEO、OMIM及GeneCards数据库的AD差异基因,经SEA等数据库预测SLCO1A2与ABCB1的潜在靶点;对交集靶点构建蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络并筛选核心靶标,通过DAVID数据库进行基因本体(GO)功能与京都基因和基因组数据库(KEGG)通路富集分析;利用HawkDock验证二者与核心靶点的结合活性。 结果 AD中SLCO1A2表达显著上调;SLCO1A2、ABCB1与AD的交集靶点分别为112、85个,蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用网络筛选出STAT3、HSP90AA1、SIRT1、PTGS2等核心靶标;GO功能富集于炎症反应、蛋白质结合及质膜组分等,KEGG通路显著富集于神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路;分子对接结果显示,二者与对应核心靶点结合能较低,结合稳定性好。 结论 SLCO1A2与ABCB1可能通过神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路,与STAT3、SIRT1等核心靶点稳定结合,调控神经炎症、突触功能及Aβ清除等AD病理环节,为AD分子机制研究及靶向治疗提供新视角。

[关键词] 阿尔茨海默病;SLCO1A2;ABCB1;神经活性配体-受体相互作用;网络药理学;分子对接

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)以β淀粉样蛋白(amyloid-β,Aβ)沉积、Tau蛋白过度磷酸化及神经元丢失为特征,其发病机制尚未阐明且缺乏有效干预手段[1]。研究表明,神经炎症与突触障碍是AD多靶点研究的热点[2]。遗传学证实溶质载体有机阴离子转运蛋白家族成员1A2(solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1A2,SLCO1A2)与脑脊液tau水平及脂质代谢相关,其功能超越跨血-脑屏障(blood-brain barrier,BBB)转运[3]

BBB功能障碍是AD早期核心病理特征[4]。ATP结合盒亚家族B成员1(ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1,ABCB1)与摄入型转运蛋白SLCO1A2协同维持Aβ平衡,其表达紊乱是AD发生的关键[5-6]。鉴于神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路异常直接关联AD认知及突触障碍,本研究整合网络药理学与分子对接,首次从系统生物学视角探索“转运蛋白-通路轴”调控AD进展的分子机制[7]

1 资料与方法

1.1 AD差异基因表达谱建立

在GEO数据库(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/)检索AD数据集GSE132903(97例AD、98例对照);通过eVITTA平台(https://tau.cmmt.ubc.ca/eVITTA/)下载该数据集的差异基因,使用R语言软件(v4.1.3)进行差异分析。结合AD样本特征,以校正后P<0.05为核心筛选标准,并结合数据分布特征设定|log2FC|>0.025 3为标准筛选差异表达基因,并利用ggplot2包绘制火山图[8-9]

1.2 AD及SLCO1A2、ABCB1潜在作用靶点筛选与交集分析

通过OMIM(http://www.omim.org)及GeneCards数据库(https://www.genecards.org,相关性得分>10)检索AD靶点。将SLCO1A2的SMILES号导入SuperPred数据库(https://prediction.charite.de/,筛选阈值:预测可能性>60%)与SEA数据库(https://sea.bkslab.org/)预测靶点;经BioGRID数据库(https://thebiogrid.org/)预测ABCB1靶点并导入其SMILES号至SEA数据库,同步骤处理得ABCB1靶点。基因经UniProt(https://www.uniprot.org/)标准化并去重。利用Venny2.1.0(https://www.bioinformatics.com.cn/)提取SLCO1A2、ABCB1与AD的交集靶点。

1.3 蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用(protein-protein interaction,PPI)网络的构建与核心靶点分析

将交集靶点上传至STRING数据库(https://stringdb.org),限定人类物种,设定置信度阈值0.400并剔除孤立节点,构建PPI网络[10];利用Cytoscape 3.10.3及CytoNCA插件计算度中心性、介数中心性及接近中心性,提取各指标前10位节点后合并去重,构建核心靶点池。

1.4 GO功能与KEGG信号通路富集分析

将SLCO1A2、ABCB1作用于AD的交集靶点上传至DAVID数据库(https://david.ncifcrf.gov/),进行基因本体(gene ontology,GO)及京都基因和基因组数据库(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)富集分析[11]。以P<0.05且富集基因数前10位为筛选条件。利用R语言对结果进行可视化。

1.5 SLCO1A2、ABCB1与靶蛋白的分子对接分析

从靶点池中筛选与神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路及AD相关的核心靶点进行对接评估。核心蛋白与ABCB1结构获得自UniProt,经Discovery Studio 2019预处理。SLCO1A2由Swiss-Model(https://swissmodel.expasy.org/)同源建模,并经SAVES v6.1平台(https://saves.mbi.ucla.edu/)评估,以拉氏图最有利及额外允许区域残基占比>90%为合格标准[12]。通过HawkDock(https://cadd.zju.edu.cn/hawkdock/)进行分子对接并计算结合自由能,以最低能量构象为最优模式[13]。采用PyMOL可视化,核心蛋白为品红色,SLCO1A2/ABCB1为蓝色,以表面渲染展示结合口袋,1.5~2.5 Å为强氢键,2.5~3.2 Å为中等强度氢键[14]

2 结果

2.1 AD差异基因表达谱建立

分析GSE132903数据集发现,AD组中SLC5A3(log2FC=0.191)、LOC339879(log2FC=0.146)、SLCO1A2(log2FC=0.028)等显著上调;SYT1(log2FC=-0.211)、CHGB(log2FC=-0.209)、RGS4(log2FC=-0.196)等显著下调。见图1。

图1 AD差异基因火山图

2.2 AD及SLCO1A2、ABCB1潜在作用靶点筛选与交集分析

OMIM、GeneCards 数据库分别获取AD相关靶点5 779、3 651个,经去重及标准化处理后,共得靶点6 807个。SLCO1A2经SEA与Super-PRED筛选得153个靶点;ABCB1经SEA与BioGRID筛选获164个靶点(图2A)。Venny 2.1.0分析显示,SLCO1A2与AD交集靶点为112个,ABCB1与AD交集靶点为85个(图2B)。

图2 SLCO1A2及ABCB1与AD交集靶点维恩图

2.3 PPI的构建与核心靶点分析

SLCO1A2-AD PPI网络包含112个节点及553条边(图3A)。度中心性筛选得STAT3、HSP90AA1、NFKB1等核心靶点(图3B);介数中心性筛选得STAT3、PTGS2、DRD2等(图3C);接近中心性筛选得STAT3、PTGS2、BCL2L1等(图3D)。ABCB1-AD PPI网络包含85个节点及303条边(图4A)。度中心性核心靶点包括STAT3、BCL2、CCND1等(图4B);介数中心性包括AGTR2、STAT3、CD4等(图4C);接近中心性包括STAT3、CD4、BCL2等(图4D)。

图3 SLCO1A2与AD靶蛋白PPI网络

图4 ABCB1与AD靶蛋白PPI网络

2.4 GO功能与KEGG信号通路富集分析

SLCO1A2-AD的GO功能富集于RNA聚合酶Ⅱ介导的转录正调控、炎症反应及蛋白质结合(图5A),KEGG通路显著富集于神经活性配体-受体相互作用(图5B);ABCB1-AD富集于蛋白水解作用、质膜及蛋白结合(图6A),其KEGG通路同样富集于神经活性配体-受体相互作用(图6B)。

图5 SLCO1A2调控AD靶基因的生物信息学分析

图6 ABCB1调控AD靶基因的生物信息学分析

2.5 SLCO1A2、ABCB1与核心靶蛋白的分子对接

SLCO1A2同源建模最有利区域与额外允许区域残基累计占比99.20%,提示模型结构可靠(图7)。分子对接结果显示,SLCO1A2、ABCB1与各自对应的核心靶蛋白结合能均较低,结合稳定且活性良好(表1);配体可与蛋白活性口袋内的关键残基形成稳定的相互作用模式(图8)。

表1 SLCO1A2/ABCB1与核心靶蛋白的对接结合能及部分核心作用残基

活性成分核心靶蛋白结合能(kcal/mol)核心作用残基SLCO1A2STAT3-35.63LYS-379、ASP-36、ASP-353、GLN-226 HSP90AA1-35.56TYR-533、THR-553、ASP-572、SER-611 SIRT1-59.65ARG-281、THR-595、GLU-277、ARG-598 PTGS2-61.23LEU-193、ASN-483、THR-475、ARG-214 DRD2-117.64ARG-112、THR-229、SER-27、ASN-219 CXCR4-64.83GLN-482、ASN-478、ILE-477、ARG-218 ABCB1STAT3-41.90LYS-17、ASN-13、GLU-447、ARG-574 AGTR2-77.25GLU-49、ARG-578、HIS-581、GLU-294 OPRM1-67.37TYR-295、GLU-294、ARG-213、ASN-50 REN-65.21SER-67、ARG-462、GLU-120、TYR-57 SIRT1-55.37TYR-233、PRO-1、GLN-278、ARG-550 CAV1-56.01TRP-37、TYR-19、ASP-22、ARG-578 BCL2-65.03LYS-533、GLU-30、ARG-477、THR-39

图7 SLCO1A2同源建模拉氏图

图8 SLCO1A2/ABCB1与核心靶蛋白分子对接示意图

3 讨论

本研究通过网络药理学与分子对接,探讨了神经活性配体-受体相互作用通路对AD的影响。该通路异常与AD的突触障碍及认知衰退密切相关[15]。网络药理学分析结果显示AD中SLCO1A2显著上调,而文献报道ABCB1在AD中显著下调,二者失衡可能破坏BBB转运稳态[16]

SLCO1A2上调可能增强BBB对炎症介质的摄取,其与PTGS2的强结合提示可直接调控炎症功能[17-18]。此外,SLCO1A2与HSP90AA1、DRD2及CXCR4的强相互作用,可能削弱分子伴侣功能、干扰多巴胺信号传导并促进小胶质细胞活化,介导神经炎症与突触功能障碍的恶性循环[19-22]。ABCB1下调则导致Aβ清除障碍与沉积[23-24]。ABCB1与REN、AGTR2结合,提示其可能通过调节肾素-血管紧张素系统间接影响Aβ代谢[25-27];其与OPRM1、BCL2及CAV1的结合,则可能调控神经保护信号、抗凋亡能力及受体信号内吞,影响神经元抗毒性能力[28-29]。STAT3与SIRT1是二者的共有核心靶点,分别通过该通路突触功能、信号传导调控AD炎症,分子对接显示,SLCO1A2/ABCB1均分别与STAT3和SIRT1具有较好的结合能,提示二者可能通过调节这些靶点整合多类信号,共同调控通路功能[30-32]

综上所述,该通路可能是SLCO1A2和ABCB1参与AD调控的主要路径。二者表达失衡共同加剧了炎症、Aβ沉积与突触损伤的恶性循环。本研究预测结果仍需实验验证及临床样本证实,后续将通过体内外实验明确具体机制,为AD药物开发提供有力支撑。

利益冲突声明:所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突。

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Exploration of the novel molecular mechanism of SLCO1A2/ABCB1 mediating Alzheimer’s disease via the neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

ZHANG Yu1* YANG Yongchao2* LI Lin1 LI Sihong1 WEN Jinhua2

1.School of Pharmacy, Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330006, China; 2.Good Clinical Practice for Drug Clinical Trials-Clinical Trial Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Province,Nanchang 330006, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the mechanism by which SLCO1A2 and ABCB1 participate in the pathological process of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) through the neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway, and to provide a basis for identifying therapeutic targets for AD based on network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. Methods The AD differential genes integrated from GEO, OMIM, and GeneCards databases were predicted to have potential targets with SLCO1A2 and ABCB1 by databases such as SEA. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed for the intersection targets and core targets were screened. Gene ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were conducted through the DAVID database. The binding activities of the two with the core targets were verified by HawkDock.Results The expression of SLCO1A2 in AD was significantly upregulated; the intersection targets of SLCO1A2 and ABCB1 with AD were 112 and 85 respectively, and the core targets identified through protein-protein interaction network screening included STAT3, HSP90AA1, SIRT1,and PTGS2, etc. GO analysis showed enrichment in inflammatory response, protein binding, and plasma membrane components; KEGG analysis revealed significant involvement of the neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway.The molecular docking results showed that both molecules had relatively low binding energies to the corresponding core targets and exhibited good binding stability. Conclusion Through the neural active ligand-receptor interaction pathway,SLCO1A2 and ABCB1 may stably bind to core targets such as STAT3 and SIRT1, regulating pathological aspects of Alzheimer’s disease such as inflammatory response, synaptic function, and Aβ clearance, providing a new perspective for the study of the molecular mechanism of Alzheimer’s disease and targeted treatment.

[Key words] Alzheimer’s disease; SLCO1A2; ABCB1; Neural active ligand-receptor interaction; Network pharmacology; Molecular docking

[中图分类号] R96

[文献标识码] A

[文章编号] 1673-7210(2026)07(c)-0006-09

DOI:10.20047/j.issn1673-7210.25101188

[基金项目] 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82360734);江西省科技合作专项项目(20232BBH80007);赣鄱俊才支持计划高层次高技能领军人才培养项目(RCXM-0001)。

[作者简介] 张雨(2003.3-),女,南昌大学药学院2025级药学专业在读硕士研究生;研究方向:临床药学。杨永超(1993.10-),男,硕士,南昌大学第一附属医院党委组织部副部长;研究方向:药理学。

*具有同等贡献

[通讯作者] 温金华(1981.3-),男,博士,教授,主任药师,博士生导师;研究方向:临床药学。

(收稿日期:2025-10-19)

(修回日期:2026-03-04)

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